;; a:give-information+IF+version (time=(month=5, md=6, year=2004, clock=(hours=14, minutes=18)) ;; DOMAIN: military-medical ;;-------------------- Domain Action Rules -------------------------------- ;; ;;=============================================================================== ;; ;; RELEASE V. 2004.1.0 (February 2, 2004) ;; ;; CHANGES SINCE PRECEDING RELEASE (December 23, 2003) ;; (Older changes are listed at the end of this file): ;; ;; DA 02-11-04 547: (SHA) Added +room and +accommodation to the continuation concepts for +feasibility. ;; ;; DA 02-13-04 548: (SHA) Added to arglist &fragments. ;; ;; DA 02-19-04 549: (SHA) Added new speech act request-state. ;; ;; DA 02-24-04 550: (SHA) Removed *price-concepts* from the continuation concepts for +payment. ;; Also removed +payment from the class *actions*. ;; ;; DA 03-08-04 551: (SHA) Added +exchange, +exchange-rate, and +meeting to the continuation concepts for give-information and request-information. ;; 552: (SHA) Added +exchange to the continuation concepts for +disposition. ;; ;; DA 03-12-04 552: (SHA) Removed +person from the continuation concepts for the speech act acknowledge. (now use the listener= argument instead) ;; 553: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments of +completion. ;; ;; DA 03-29-04 554: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments of *property-concepts*. ;; 555: (SHA) Added &global to arglist &dialog. ;; 556: (MED) Added to licensed arguments of +give-medical-procedure and +receive-medical procedure. ;; 557: (SHA) Added +tour to continuation concepts for +begin-operation, +end-operation, and +in-operation. ;; 558: (SHA) Added +understand to continuation concepts for +disposition. ;; 559: (SHA) Added +describe to continuation concepts for speech act suggest-action. ;; 560: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments for +action. ;; ;; DA 03-30-04 561: (MED) Added $bottom$ to continuation concepts for +measure. ;; 562: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments for arglist &dialog. ;; 563: (SHA) Added +tour to continuation concepts for give-information and request-information. ;; 564: (MED) Added +health-status, +medical-procedure, +give-medical-procedure, and +receive-medical-procedure to continuation concepts for +effect. ;; 565: (SHA) Added +numeral to continuation concepts for +display. ;; 566: (MED) Added +body-object to continuation concepts for +evidentiality. ;; 567: (SHA) Removed +information-object from *special-focus-concepts*. ;; 568: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments of +personal-data. ;; ;; DA 05-06-04 569: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments of +confirmation. ;; ;; ;;=============================================================================== ;; ;; NOTES ;; ;;=============================================================================== ;; ;; Ordering of concepts in a DA: general guidelines ;; ------------------------------------------------ ;; DA = speech act + (attitudes) + (main-predication) + (pred-participants) ;; ;; >>>speech act = { give-information request-information offer ... } required ;; ;; >>>attitudes = { +disposition +obligation +feasibility ... } one or more, optional ;; note: when more than one attitude concept appears (one is embedded), place ;; the embedder to the left, e.g. "I've been told I must leave before ten" ;; => give-information+evidentiality+obligation+departure ;; ;; >>>main-predication (one of the following -- may be required, see note below): ;; relations = { +contain +feature +inclusion +exclusion +inclusion-in +exclusion-from} ;; actions = { +rent +proceed +reservation ... } ;; or +concept, special concept used for fragments ;; note: main-predication is required unless following a "self-contained" speech act ;; like greeting, introduce-self, thank, apologize, etc. ;; ;; >>>pred-participants (one or more of the following, optional): ;; objects = { +accommodation +transportation +activity ... } ;; ;; sequences of concepts are ordered from general => specific ;; so that the concepts on the right specify the concepts to the left ;; ;; ;; rhetorical relations vs. rhetorical= ;; ------------------------------------ ;; The values of rhetorical= { cause related-to conditional ... } ;; are also argument names: cause= related-to= conditional= ... ;; ;; Their use differs as follows: ;; 1) use rhetorical=xxx when satellite has predicate-argument structure ;; Ex: "Because the weather is bad, I am late." ;; split into 2 SDUs and make 2 IFs, with "cause" as a value ;; give-information+weather (rhetorical=cause, ...) ;; give-information+arrival (...) ;; 2) use cause=yyy when satellite has no predicate-argument structure ;; Ex: "I'm late because of the bad weather." ;; 1 SDU makes 1 IF, with "cause=" as an argument ;; give-information+arrival (cause=bad_weather, ...) ;; 3) use cause=discourse when rhetorical element is in the nucleus ;; Ex: "Therefore I am late." ;; give-information+arrival (cause=discourse, ...) ;; ;; See IF spec for arguments for more information on rhetorical relations. ;; ;; ;; Affirmative expressions are broken down into two types: ;; ------------------------------------------------------- ;; 1) "Yes." "Yes, that is true." = affirm ;; 2) "Yes, I will." "Yes, I am doing that." = affirm+action (+action is now a concept) ;; ;; This is an important distinction for Asian languages. ;; In English and other European languages, "yes" can map onto either of ;; the two DAs so this may be a problem during translation. ;; ;; Note also that "Yes, I do." and "Yes, I am." may or may not refer to an action. ;; Therefore these may be tagged either affirm or affirm+action, according to context. ;; ;; Tightened up specification of concept ordering: ;; ----------------------------------------------- ;; Example ;; (+foo (VOID +xxx (+yyy -) (+zzz +)) ()) ;; ;; In this example we see that "+foo" can appear with: ;; ...+foo (can appear by itself) ;; or +foo+xxx(+) (add whatever can follow +xxx) ;; or +foo+yyy ("-" indicates that nothing else can be added after this use of +yyy) ;; or +foo+zzz+... (+zzz must have something after it when it appears in this context) ;; ;; You also can specify that continuation concepts must be followed by certain ;; concepts, using parentheses around the required sequence within the ;; continuation list. ;; ;; Example ;; (+foo (VOID (+xxx +yyy) (+xxx +zzz)) ()) ;; ;; In this example we see that when we have +foo+xxx that the continuations for ;; +xxx are locally restricted to +yyy or +zzz. ;; ;; the $BOTTOM$ continuation ;; ------------------------- ;; When a speech act or concept may appear without any continuation, ;; the definition will include the dummy continuation $BOTTOM$. Conversely, ;; when a speech act or concept must appear with a continuation, $BOTTOM$ ;; will NOT be included in the definition. ;; ;; This use of $BOTTOM$ does not replace the use of parentheses and +/- signs ;; as shown above, which are needed to specify certain sequences of concepts ;; in a given context. ;; ;; WARNING: $BOTTOM$ is inherited by many speech acts and concepts via ;; their class definitions. ;; ;; Example ;; (+foo (+xxx +yyy +zzz) ()) ;; ;; In this example we see that +foo must be followed by one of the ;; continuation concepts +xxx, +yyy, or +zzz, because $BOTTOM$ is not specified ;; in the continuation list. ;; ;; the concept: "+negation" ;; ------------------------- ;; Add +negation to the DA immediately following the speech act, in order to indicate the presence of negation in any of the continuation concepts, except for concepts in the object (pred-participant) slot. When negation involves only an object (pred-participant), then use polarity= under the corresponding argument. ;; ;; In order to restrict the appearance of +negation to the slot immediately following the speech act, the parenthetical notation is used for each continuation concept of any speech act. This notation also allows the continuations to be specified by the speech act and not by multiple definitions of +negation. ;; ;; For example: ;; ;; DEF: request-action ;; continuations: ($BOTTOM$ (+negation +action) ... ) ;; ;;============================================================================== ;;------------------------------------------------------------------------- ($top$ (accept acknowledge affirm apologize apology-response contradict defer descriptive dialog-hear dialog-indicate-understand dialog-instruct-no dialog-instruct-yes dialog-present dialog-problem dialog-proceed dialog-ready dialog-request-hear dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no dialog-request-present dialog-request-problem dialog-request-proceed dialog-request-ready dialog-request-scenario dialog-request-see dialog-request-start dialog-request-stop dialog-request-testing-ok dialog-request-understand dialog-scenario dialog-see dialog-set-audio-level dialog-start dialog-stop dialog-testing dialog-testing-ok dialog-understand dialog-use-mt dialog-wait ditto do-not-worry empty end-discussion end-topic end-wait exclamation give-feedback give-information greeting greeting-request greeting-response introduce-self introduce-topic negate negate- no-tag not-understandable offer pay-attention please-wait promise reject request-accept request-acknowledge request-action request-end-discussion request-information request-introduce-self request-negate request-reject request-state request-suggestion request-verification request-verification- resume-topic spoken-pause suggest suggest-action thank thank-response verify verify-) nil) ;; comment source -- $top$ ;; Start here when creating a legal DA for an IF representation (accept ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +concept) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +facility) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +concept +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) ( )) ;; comment source -- accept ;; Distinct from affirm: accept follows offers. ;; Ex: "Do you want that room?" "That's fine." = accept ;; Compare to: "Does it have a double bed?" "Yes." = affirm (acknowledge ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +object) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +service) +action +information-object +object +proceed +service) ( )) ;; comment source -- acknowledge ;; Ex: "Here this is it." "Here it is." "Here you go." = acknowledge+object ;; Ex: "Okay, Mr. Phillips." "All right, Miss Suzuki." = acknowledge (listener=(person-title=miss, family-name=name-suzuki)) (affirm ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +availability) (+negation +existence) (+negation +feasibility) (+negation +feature) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +knowledge) +action +availability +existence +feasibility +feature +general-action +knowledge) ( )) ;; comment source -- affirm ;; Ex: "Is the restaurant open?" "Yes." = affirm ;; Note that Asian languages need a single DA for: ;; Ex: "Yes, I will." "Yes, I am doing that." = affirm+action ;; Note that "Yes, I do." and "Yes, I am." may or may not refer to an action. ;; Tag as either affirm or affirm+action, according to context. ;; The speech act affirm is distinct from accept: accept follows offers. ;; Compare to: "Do you want that room?" "That's fine." = accept (apologize ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +object) +action +information-object +object) ( )) ;; comment source -- apologize ;; Ex: "Sorry." = apologize ;; Ex: "I'm sorry." apologize (apology=(who=i)) (apology-response ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- apology-response ;; Ex: "Sorry." "That's okay." = apology-response (contradict ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- contradict ;; Used for negative response to a request-verification DA, or for initiating a contradiction. ;; German actually uses a special word in this situation, so the speech act negate is not sufficient. ;; German Ex: "Doch." = contradict ;; English Ex: "That's not right." = contradict ;; Compare to: "That's right." = verify (defer ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- defer ;; Ex: "It is up to you." (to-whom=you) ;; Ex: "I defer to his judgment." (who=i, to-whom=he) (descriptive ($bottom$) nil) ;; comment source -- descriptive ;; Special DA name for in domain SDUs that are too descriptive for the task-based IF (dialog-hear ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-hear ;; Ex: "I can hear you." (dialog-indicate-understand ($bottom$ +action +general-action) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-indicate-understand ;; Ex: "Raise your hand if you understand." = dialog-indicate-understand+action (dialog-instruct-no ($bottom$ +action +general-action) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-instruct-no ;; Ex: "Do xxx to indicate no." = dialog-instruct-no+action (dialog-instruct-yes ($bottom$ +action +general-action) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-instruct-yes ;; Ex: "Do xxx to indicate yes." = dialog-instruct-yes+action (dialog-present ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-present ;; Ex: "We are here." (dialog-problem ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-problem ;; Ex: "There is a problem (at CMU)." (dialog-proceed ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-proceed ;; Ex: "You go ahead." (dialog-ready ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-ready ;; Ex: "I am ready, CMU is ready..." (dialog-request-hear ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-hear ;; Ex: "Can you hear me?" = dialog-request-hear (who=you) (dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no ;; Ex: "Please say yes or no." = dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no (dialog-request-present ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-present ;; Ex: "Are you there?" "Is CMU on line?" (dialog-request-problem ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-problem ;; Ex: "Is there a problem?" (dialog-request-proceed ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-proceed ;; Ex: "Are you going?" (dialog-request-ready ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-ready ;; Ex: "Are you ready?" (dialog-request-scenario ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-scenario ;; Ex: "Which scenario is this?" (dialog-request-see ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-see ;; Ex: "Can you see me?" (dialog-request-start ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-start ;; Ex: "Can we start?" "Is it okay to start?" (dialog-request-stop ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-stop ;; Ex: "Can we stop?" "Is it okay to stop?" (dialog-request-testing-ok ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-testing-ok ;; Ex: "Is this working?" (dialog-request-understand ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-request-understand ;; Formerly speech act request-understand. ;; Ex: "Do you understand?" = dialog-request-understand (who=you) (dialog-scenario ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-scenario ;; Ex: "We are doing scenario 1." (dialog-see ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-see ;; Ex: "I can see you." (dialog-set-audio-level ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-set-audio-level ;; Ex: "I will turn the volume up." (dialog-start ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-start ;; Ex: "Let's start!" (dialog-stop ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-stop ;; Ex: "Let's stop!" (dialog-testing ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-testing ;; Ex: "Testing testing 1 2 3." "CMU testing." (dialog-testing-ok ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-testing-ok ;; Ex: "Everything seems ok." (dialog-understand ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-understand ;; Formerly speech act understand. ;; Ex: "I understand." = dialog-understand (who=i) (dialog-use-mt ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-use-mt ;; Ex: "I will use this computer to talk to you." = dialog-use-mt (who=i) ;; Ex: "Let us use this computer to talk together." = dialog-use-mt (who=us) (dialog-wait ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- dialog-wait ;; Ex: "I am waiting." = dialog-wait (who=i) (ditto ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- ditto ;; Examples: "Same to you" (to-whom=you) ;; "You too" (who=you) ;; "me too" (who=i) (do-not-worry ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- do-not-worry ;; don't worry (empty ($bottom$) nil) ;; comment source -- empty ;; Special DA name for empty input SDUs (end-discussion ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- end-discussion ;; Formerly called: end-action. ;; Ex: "That's all." (end-topic ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +address) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +budget) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +click) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exit) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +facility) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +goto) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +reception) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +write) +accommodation +activity +address +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +availability +balance +budget +cancellation +checkin +checkout +click +confirmation +connection +currency +current-time +departure +deposit +directions +display +drop-off +equipment +event +eventuality +exchange +exchange-rate +exit +expiration-date +facility +fax-number +goto +indicate +inform +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +occurrence +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +pick-up +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +purchase +read +reception +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +weather +write) ( )) ;; comment source -- end-topic ;; Use end-topic for sentences that bring a topic to a close, without ending the conversation. ;; Ex: "That takes care of my accommodations." end-topic+accommodation (end-wait ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- end-wait ;; Used for ending temporary breaks in the dialog. ;; Ex: "I'm back." "Thanks for waiting." = end-wait ;; Formerly called: return-from-delay. (exclamation ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- exclamation ;; Covers both good and bad exclamations. ;; Ex: "Wow!" "That is GREAT!!!!" "Nespole!" ;; Ex: "Darn!" "That's too bad." (give-feedback ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- give-feedback ;; Ex: "Very good, Marco." (give-information ((+negation +action) (+negation +address) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +begin-operation) (+negation +behavior) (+negation +body-stat) (+negation +budget) (+negation +calculate) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +concept) (+negation +confession) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +contain) (+negation +contained-in) (+negation +correlation) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +decrease) (+negation +delay) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +describe) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +disposition) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +effect) (+negation +end-operation) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +evidentiality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exclusion) (+negation +exclusion-from) (+negation +existence) (+negation +exit) (+negation +experience) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +explain) (+negation +exposure) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +feasibility) (+negation +feature) (+negation +fluctuation) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +give-medical-procedure) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +improve) (+negation +in-operation) (+negation +inclusion) (+negation +inclusion-in) (+negation +increase) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +knowledge) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +make-image) (+negation +measure) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +obligation) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +out-of-operation) (+negation +party) (+negation +payment) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +providing) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +receive-medical-procedure) (+negation +reception) (+negation +recommendation) (+negation +rent) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +send) (+negation +skill) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +status) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +understand) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +worsen) (+negation +write) +action +address +arrival +availability +balance +begin-operation +behavior +body-stat +budget +calculate +cancellation +change +checkin +checkout +clarify +click +completion +concept +confession +confirmation +connection +contain +contained-in +correlation +currency +current-time +decrease +delay +departure +deposit +describe +directions +display +disposition +drop-off +effect +end-operation +eventuality +evidentiality +exchange +exchange-rate +exclusion +exclusion-from +existence +exit +experience +expiration-date +explain +exposure +fax-number +feasibility +feature +fluctuation +general-action +give-medical-procedure +goto +hear +help +improve +in-operation +inclusion +inclusion-in +increase +indicate +inform +knowledge +learn +learn-about +make-image +measure +meeting +numeral +obligation +obtain +occurrence +order +out-of-operation +party +payment +personal-data +pick-up +plan +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +proceed +providing +purchase +read +receive-medical-procedure +reception +recommendation +rent +repeat +reservation +route +search +send +skill +spelling +status +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +understand +view +weather +worsen +write) ( )) ;; comment source -- give-information ;; Any statement. ;; Ex: "I am doing that." = give-information+action ;; Compare to: "I will do that." = promise+action (greeting ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- greeting ;; Both hello and goodbye are now covered by greeting, with mandatory argument to specify which one. ;; Ex: "Good morning." = greeting (greeting=good_morning) ;; Ex: "Goodbye." = greeting (greeting=informal_goodbye) ;; Ex: "Welcome to Pittsburgh." = greeting (greeting=welcome, location=pittsburgh) ;; Ex: "Hello from Pittsburgh." = greeting (greeting=informal_hello, origin=pittsburgh) ;; Ex: "Nice to meet you." = greeting (greeting=first_meeting, to-whom=you) ;; Ex: "Happy New Year!" = greeting (wish=happy_new_year) (greeting-request ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- greeting-request ;; Ex: "How are you?" "How is your family?" = greeting-request (greeting-response ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- greeting-response ;; Ex: "I'm fine." "Not so good." = greeting-response (introduce-self ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- introduce-self ;; Ex: "This is Bob." = introduce-self (who=(given-name=bob)) ;; Ex: "This is Boyeon from Korea (origin)." ;; Ex: "This is Boyeon in Korea (location)." ;; Ex: "This is Boyeon from Korea (origin) in Italy (location)." (introduce-topic ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +address) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +budget) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +click) (+negation +concept) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exit) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +facility) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +goto) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +reception) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +write) +accommodation +activity +address +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +availability +balance +budget +cancellation +checkin +checkout +click +concept +confirmation +connection +currency +current-time +departure +deposit +directions +display +drop-off +equipment +event +eventuality +exchange +exchange-rate +exit +expiration-date +facility +fax-number +goto +indicate +inform +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +occurrence +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +pick-up +plan +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +purchase +read +reception +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +weather +write) ( )) ;; comment source -- introduce-topic ;; Use introduce-topic for sentences that correspond precisely to this speech act. ;; Ex: "Let us speak about rooms." = introduce-topic+room ;; Do NOT use introduce-topic for sentences that contain a more specific speech act. ;; Ex: "Concerning rooms, how much does it cost?" = request-information+price ;; Do NOT use introduce-topic for fragments. ;; Ex: "Concerning rooms..." = give-information+concept (rhetorical=(related-to=room)) (negate ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +existence) (+negation +feasibility) (+negation +knowledge) +action +existence +feasibility +knowledge) ( )) ;; comment source -- negate ;; Ex: "Is that hotel expensive?" "No." = negate ;; Ex: "The room costs fifty dollars." "That's not right." = negate ;; Ex: "Will you travel by car?" "No, I won't." = negate+action ;; Distinct from reject: reject follows offers. ;; Compare to: "Do you want that?" "I don't want that." = reject (negate- (apologize apology-response defer dialog-hear dialog-indicate-understand dialog-instruct-no dialog-instruct-yes dialog-present dialog-problem dialog-proceed dialog-ready dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no dialog-scenario dialog-see dialog-set-audio-level dialog-start dialog-stop dialog-testing dialog-testing-ok dialog-understand dialog-use-mt dialog-wait ditto end-topic introduce-topic offer pay-attention promise reject request-accept resume-topic suggest suggest-action thank thank-response verify) ( )) ;; comment source -- negate- ;; Must precede another speech act, except req-verification and verify. ;; Special speech act for negating an entire DA. ;; Ex: "They don't have valet parking." = give-information+negation+existence+service (no-tag ($bottom$) nil) ;; comment source -- no-tag ;; Special DA name for untaggable SDUs that should be covered but require additions to the IF specification (not-understandable ($bottom$) nil) ;; comment source -- not-understandable ;; Special DA name for SDUs that we cannot understand enough to tag (offer (+medical-object $bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +click) (+negation +concept) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exit) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +explain) (+negation +facility) (+negation +goto) (+negation +help) (+negation +help-again) (+negation +help-later) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +recommendation) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +write) +accommodation +action +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +cancellation +checkin +checkout +click +concept +confirmation +connection +currency +departure +deposit +directions +display +equipment +event +exchange +exit +expiration-date +explain +facility +goto +help +help-again +help-later +indicate +inform +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +purchase +read +recommendation +repeat +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +write) ( )) ;; comment source -- offer ;; Used when the speaker is proposing to do something herself, ;; sometimes in the specific sense of offering to give something to the listener. ;; Compare to speech act suggest or suggest-action, used by the speaker to recommend what the listener should do, sometimes in the specific sense of getting something. (pay-attention ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- pay-attention ;; Ex: "listen" ;; Ex: "pay attention (to me)" (please-wait ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- please-wait ;; Use please-wait for temporary breaks in the dialog. ;; Ex: "Just a moment." "Hold on a second." = please-wait ;; Compare to request-action+delay: please-wait is used for shorter delays. ;; Use request-action+delay to request ending the current dialog, resuming it another time. ;; Ex: "Please call back in two days." "Can I get back to you later?" = request-action+delay ;; Note: +delay is the task-based version. A more literal version uses +action. ;; Ex: "Please call back tomorrow." = request-action+action (action=e-call_back-0, time=(relative-time=tomorrow)) (promise ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +contain) (+negation +contained-in) (+negation +exclusion) (+negation +exclusion-from) (+negation +feature) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +inclusion) (+negation +inclusion-in) (+negation +repeat) +action +contain +contained-in +exclusion +exclusion-from +feature +general-action +inclusion +inclusion-in +repeat) ( )) ;; comment source -- promise ;; Ex: "I will." = promise ;; Ex: "I will do that." = promise+action ;; Compare to: "I am doing that." = give-information+action ;; Compare to: "Yes, I will." = affirm+action ;; Note that "Yes, I will." can also be broken into two IFs: affirm "Yes," and promise "I will." (reject ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +concept) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +facility) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +concept +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) ( )) ;; comment source -- reject ;; Distinct from negate: reject follows offers. ;; Ex: "Do you want that?" "I don't want that." = reject ;; Compare to: "Is that hotel expensive?" "No." = negate (request-accept ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +facility) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +action +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +general-action +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-accept ;; Ex: "Will this do?" "Is that ok?" = request-accept (request-acknowledge ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-acknowledge ;; Ex: German "Ne?" or English "Okay?" = request-acknowledge (request-action ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +confession) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +delay) (+negation +describe) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +effect) (+negation +exit) (+negation +explain) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +give-medical-procedure) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +order) (+negation +payment) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +receive-medical-procedure) (+negation +rent) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +search) (+negation +send) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +status) (+negation +trip) (+negation +view) (+negation +write) (+negation+behavior) +action +activity +behavior +cancellation +change +clarify +click +completion +confession +confirmation +connection +delay +describe +display +drop-off +effect +exit +explain +general-action +give-medical-procedure +goto +hear +help +indicate +inform +learn +learn-about +obtain +order +payment +pick-up +plan +proceed +purchase +read +receive-medical-procedure +rent +repeat +reservation +search +send +spelling +status +trip +view +write) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-action ;; Ex: "Please do that." "Would you do that?" = request-action (request-strength=request) ;; Ex: "Do that now." = request-action (request-strength=order) ;; Ex: "First do xxx, then do yyy..." = request-action (request-strength=instruction) (request-end-discussion ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-end-discussion ;; Ex: "Is that everything?" = request-end-discussion (request-information ((+negation +body-stat) (+negation +give-medical-procedure) (+negation +receive-medical-procedure) +body-stat +give-medical-procedure +receive-medical-procedure (+negation +action) (+negation +address) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +begin-operation) (+negation +behavior) (+negation +budget) (+negation +calculate) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +concept) (+negation +confession) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +contain) (+negation +contained-in) (+negation +correlation) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +decrease) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +disposition) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +effect) (+negation +end-operation) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +evidentiality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exclusion) (+negation +exclusion-from) (+negation +existence) (+negation +exit) (+negation +experience) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +explain) (+negation +exposure) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +feasibility) (+negation +feature) (+negation +fluctuation) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +improve) (+negation +in-operation) (+negation +inclusion) (+negation +inclusion-in) (+negation +increase) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +knowledge) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +make-image) (+negation +measure) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +obligation) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +out-of-operation) (+negation +party) (+negation +payment) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +providing) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +reception) (+negation +recommendation) (+negation +rent) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +send) (+negation +skill) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +status) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +understand) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +worsen) (+negation +write) +action +address +arrival +availability +balance +begin-operation +behavior +budget +calculate +cancellation +change +checkin +checkout +clarify +click +completion +concept +confession +confirmation +contain +contained-in +correlation +currency +current-time +decrease +departure +deposit +directions +display +disposition +drop-off +effect +end-operation +eventuality +evidentiality +exchange +exchange-rate +exclusion +exclusion-from +existence +exit +experience +expiration-date +explain +exposure +fax-number +feasibility +feature +fluctuation +general-action +goto +hear +help +improve +in-operation +inclusion +inclusion-in +increase +indicate +inform +knowledge +learn +learn-about +make-image +measure +meeting +numeral +obligation +obtain +occurrence +order +out-of-operation +party +payment +personal-data +pick-up +plan +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +proceed +providing +purchase +read +reception +recommendation +rent +repeat +reservation +route +search +send +skill +spelling +status +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +understand +view +weather +worsen +write) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-information ;; Deals with a wh-question, or yes/no questions about actions. ;; Ex: "Where is the hotel?" = request-information+accommodation (location=question) ;; Ex: "Are you going to do that?" = request-information+action (e-time=following) ;; Ex: "Did you receive it?" = request-information+reception+object (e-time=previous) ;; Compare to: "Is that right?" = request-verification ;; Compare to: "Is the hotel cheap?" = request-information+feature+accommodation (request-introduce-self ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-introduce-self ;; Distinct from request-information+personal-data: depends on phase of dialog. ;; Use request-introduce-self in the opening phase of a dialog. ;; Ex: "With whom am I speaking?" "Is this Donna?" = request-introduce-self ;; Ex: "Hello, Donna?" = 2 IFs: ;; greeting (greeting=informal_hello) ;; request-introduce-self (who=(given-name=donna)) ;; Compare to similar requests in payment phase of dialog, in which case: ;; (requesting payment information) "With whom am I speaking?" = request-information+personal-data (request-negate ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-negate ;; Ex: "Or not?" = request-negate (request-reject ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +facility) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-reject ;; Ex. "Is that bad for you?" ;; Formerly called: request-neg-affirmation. (request-state ((+negation +feature) (+negation +status) +feature +status) nil) ;; comment source -- request-state ;; Ex: "Be at the station at noon." = request-state+feature ;; Ex: "Don't be late." = request-state+negation+status ;; Ex: "Stay calm." = request-state+status (request-suggestion ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +concept) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +delay) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +exit) (+negation +explain) (+negation +facility) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +object) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +rent) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +write) +accommodation +action +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +cancellation +change +checkin +checkout +clarify +click +completion +concept +connection +currency +delay +departure +deposit +directions +display +drop-off +equipment +event +exit +explain +facility +general-action +goto +hear +help +indicate +inform +information-object +learn +learn-about +meal +meeting +object +obtain +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +pick-up +plan +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +proceed +purchase +read +rent +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +write) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-suggestion ;; Ex: "Can you recommend xxx?" ;; Ex: "What do you think I should do about xxx?" ;; Where xxx is an object or a course of action. (request-verification ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-verification ;; Ex: "Is that right?" ;; Compare to: "Are you going to do that?" = request-information+action (e-time=following) (request-verification- (accept acknowledge affirm apologize apology-response contradict defer dialog-hear dialog-indicate-understand dialog-instruct-no dialog-instruct-yes dialog-present dialog-problem dialog-proceed dialog-ready dialog-request-hear dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no dialog-request-present dialog-request-problem dialog-request-proceed dialog-request-ready dialog-request-scenario dialog-request-see dialog-request-start dialog-request-stop dialog-request-testing-ok dialog-request-understand dialog-scenario dialog-see dialog-set-audio-level dialog-start dialog-stop dialog-testing dialog-testing-ok dialog-understand dialog-use-mt dialog-wait ditto do-not-worry end-discussion end-topic end-wait exclamation give-feedback give-information greeting greeting-request greeting-response introduce-self introduce-topic negate negate- offer pay-attention please-wait promise reject request-accept request-acknowledge request-action request-end-discussion request-information request-introduce-self request-negate request-reject request-state request-suggestion request-verification resume-topic spoken-pause suggest suggest-action thank thank-response verify) ( )) ;; comment source -- request-verification- ;; Must precede another speech act. ;; Special speech act used for requesting a verification of a DA. ;; Ex: "The weather is sunny, right?" = request-verification-give-information+weather (weather=sunny) (resume-topic ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +address) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +budget) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +click) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exit) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +facility) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +goto) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +reception) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +write) +accommodation +activity +address +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +availability +balance +budget +cancellation +checkin +checkout +click +confirmation +connection +currency +current-time +departure +deposit +directions +display +drop-off +equipment +event +eventuality +exchange +exchange-rate +exit +expiration-date +facility +fax-number +goto +indicate +inform +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +occurrence +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +pick-up +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +purchase +read +reception +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +weather +write) ( )) ;; comment source -- resume-topic ;; Use resume-topic for sentences that refer to a previously-discussed topic. ;; Ex: "Let us go back to the accommodation issue." resume-topic+accommodation (spoken-pause ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- spoken-pause ;; Ex: "Let's see." (suggest (+medical-object $bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +concept) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +exclusion) (+negation +exclusion-from) (+negation +facility) (+negation +feature) (+negation +help) (+negation +inclusion) (+negation +inclusion-in) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +concept +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +exclusion +exclusion-from +facility +feature +help +inclusion +inclusion-in +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) ( )) ;; comment source -- suggest ;; Used by speaker to recommend something to the listener. ;; Ex: tell you what" = c:suggest ;; Ex: "I would recommend that hotel." = suggest+accommodation ;; Also used to propose something for consideration. ;; Ex: "There should be a sauna included, for example." = suggest+inclusion ;; Compare to speech act offer, used when the speaker is offering something. ;; Ex: "I have some brochures about that." = offer+information-object (suggest-action ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +concept) (+negation +connection) (+negation +delay) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +describe) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +effect) (+negation +exit) (+negation +explain) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +give-medical-procedure) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +order) (+negation +payment) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +receive-medical-procedure) (+negation +rent) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +search) (+negation +send) (+negation +status) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +trip) (+negation +view) (+negation +write) (+negation+behavior) +action +activity +behavior +cancellation +change +clarify +click +completion +concept +connection +delay +deposit +describe +display +drop-off +effect +exit +explain +general-action +give-medical-procedure +goto +hear +help +indicate +inform +learn +learn-about +obtain +order +payment +pick-up +plan +proceed +purchase +read +receive-medical-procedure +rent +repeat +reservation +search +send +status +stay +tour +trip +view +write) ( )) ;; comment source -- suggest-action ;; Used by speaker to give advice about what the listener should do. ;; Ex: "You might want to make a reservation." = suggest-action+reservation ;; Compare to speech act offer, used when the speaker is offering to do something. ;; Ex: "I can do that for you." = offer+action (thank ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +help) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +object) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +send) +action +general-action +help +information-object +object +reservation +send) ( )) ;; comment source -- thank ;; Ex: "Thank you." = thank ;; Ex: "Thank you." may also be specified as: thank (thank=(to-whom=you)) ;; Ex: "Thank you for helping me." = thank+help (thank=(to-whom=you), help=(to-whom=i)) ;; Ex: "Thanks for the brochure." = thank+information-object (info-object=(brochure, identifiability=yes)) (thank-response ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- thank-response ;; Ex: "You're welcome." (verify ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- verify ;; Used for declaring the verifiability of a DA. ;; Typically follows a request-verification DA. ;; Ex: "Your name is Jones, right?" "That's right." = verify ;; Note: negative responses: "No." "That's not right." = negate (verify- (accept acknowledge affirm apologize apology-response contradict defer dialog-hear dialog-indicate-understand dialog-instruct-no dialog-instruct-yes dialog-present dialog-problem dialog-proceed dialog-ready dialog-request-hear dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no dialog-request-present dialog-request-problem dialog-request-proceed dialog-request-ready dialog-request-scenario dialog-request-see dialog-request-start dialog-request-stop dialog-request-testing-ok dialog-request-understand dialog-scenario dialog-see dialog-set-audio-level dialog-start dialog-stop dialog-testing dialog-testing-ok dialog-understand dialog-use-mt dialog-wait ditto do-not-worry end-discussion end-topic end-wait exclamation give-feedback give-information greeting greeting-request greeting-response introduce-self introduce-topic negate negate- offer pay-attention please-wait promise reject request-accept request-acknowledge request-action request-end-discussion request-information request-introduce-self request-negate request-reject request-state request-suggestion request-verification resume-topic spoken-pause suggest suggest-action thank thank-response verify) ( )) ;; comment source -- verify- ;; Must precede another speech act. ;; Special speech act used for verifying previously stated information. ;; Typically follows a request-verification DA. ;; Ex: "Your name is Jones, right?" "Right, my name is Jones." = verify-give-information+personal-data (+accommodation ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- +accommodation ;; Ex: "A three star hotel would be fine." = accept+accommodation ;; Ex: "I want to stay in a hotel." = give-information+disposition+accommodation ;; Ex: "Does the hotel have a restaurant?" = request-information+contain+accommodation ;; Ex: "Does the hotel shuttle run every hour?" = request-information+transportation ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+action (+health-status +medical-procedure $bottom$ +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +body-object +body-stat +concept +currency +departure +equipment +event +facility +feature +food +information-object +meal +medical-object +medicine +meeting +numeral +object +package +person +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +seat +service +stay +telephone-number +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) ( )) ;; comment source -- +action ;; MAIN-PREDICATION (+activity ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- +activity ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+address ($bottom$ +accommodation +airport +attraction +event +meeting +restaurant +transportation) ( )) ;; comment source -- +address ;; MAIN-PREDICATION ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+admission ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- +admission ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+airport ($bottom$ +transportation) ( )) ;; comment source -- +airport ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+arrival ($bottom$ +concept +information-object +object +party +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) ( )) ;; comment source -- +arrival ;; Use +arrival+object or +arrival+information-object to refer to objects reaching a destination. ;; Ex: "The web page will arrive soon." = give-information+arrival+information-object ;; Ex: "It will arrive soon." = give-information+arrival+object ;; MAIN-PREDICATION ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+attraction ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- +attraction ;; Use this concept for sentences about sights, or for coordination in sentences about sights, events, and tours. ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+availability ($bottom$ +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +concept +currency +departure +equipment +event +facility +information-object +meal +meeting +object +package +person +restaurant +room +seat +service +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) ( )) ;; comment source -- +availability ;; MAIN-PREDICATION (+balance ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- +balance ;; +balance refers to the amount of money remaining on payment due for any order of goods or services. ;; Usually the amount remaining is the total price minus the amount paid in advance for a deposit. ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+begin-operation ($bottom$ +airport +attraction +event +facility +object +restaurant +tour +transportation) ( )) ;; comment source -- +begin-operation ;; Use this concept for hours of attractions, restaurants, etc. ;; Ex: "The restaurant opens at ten." = give-information+begin-operation+restaurant (restaurant-spec=(restaurant, identifiability=yes), time=(start-time=10:00)) ;; MAIN-PREDICATION (+behavior ($bottom$ +object +person) ( )) ;; comment source -- +behavior ;; Use this state-like concept for describing the behavior of a person or object. ;; Ex: "Someone is nice to me." = give-information+behavior+person (person-spec=someone, behavior=(modifier=nice), experiencer=i) ;; MAIN-PREDICATION (+body-object ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- +body-object ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+body-stat ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- +body-stat ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+budget ($bottom$) ( )) ;; comment source -- +budget ;; Ex: "What is your budget (price range)?" ;; Ex: "I am on a budget (limited price range)." ;; Ex: "I can only spend up to $100 per day." ;; MAIN-PREDICATION (+calculate (+price) nil) ;; comment source -- +calculate ;; Ex: "I will get your total." = give-information+calculate+price ;; MAIN-PREDICATION (+cancellation ($bottom$ +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +body-object +body-stat +concept +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +information-object +meal +medical-object +medicine +meeting +numeral +object +package +payment +penalty +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +reservation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) ( )) ;; comment source -- +cancellation ;; MAIN-PREDICATION ;; PRED-PARTICIPANT (+change ($bottom$ +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +body-object +body-stat +concept +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +information-object +meal +medical-object +medicine +meeting +numeral +object +package +party +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation