VERSION: a:give-information+IF+version (time=(month=5, md=6, year=2004, clock=(hours=14, minutes=18)) DOMAIN: shared -------------------- Domain Action Rules -------------------------------- ;;=============================================================================== ;; ;; RELEASE V. 2004.1.0 (February 2, 2004) ;; ;; CHANGES SINCE PRECEDING RELEASE (December 23, 2003) ;; (Older changes are listed at the end of this file): ;; ;; DA 02-11-04 547: (SHA) Added +room and +accommodation to the continuation concepts for +feasibility. ;; ;; DA 02-13-04 548: (SHA) Added to arglist &fragments. ;; ;; DA 02-19-04 549: (SHA) Added new speech act request-state. ;; ;; DA 02-24-04 550: (SHA) Removed *price-concepts* from the continuation concepts for +payment. ;; Also removed +payment from the class *actions*. ;; ;; DA 03-08-04 551: (SHA) Added +exchange, +exchange-rate, and +meeting to the continuation concepts for give-information and request-information. ;; 552: (SHA) Added +exchange to the continuation concepts for +disposition. ;; ;; DA 03-12-04 552: (SHA) Removed +person from the continuation concepts for the speech act acknowledge. (now use the listener= argument instead) ;; 553: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments of +completion. ;; ;; DA 03-29-04 554: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments of *property-concepts*. ;; 555: (SHA) Added &global to arglist &dialog. ;; 556: (MED) Added to licensed arguments of +give-medical-procedure and +receive-medical procedure. ;; 557: (SHA) Added +tour to continuation concepts for +begin-operation, +end-operation, and +in-operation. ;; 558: (SHA) Added +understand to continuation concepts for +disposition. ;; 559: (SHA) Added +describe to continuation concepts for speech act suggest-action. ;; 560: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments for +action. ;; ;; DA 03-30-04 561: (MED) Added $bottom$ to continuation concepts for +measure. ;; 562: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments for arglist &dialog. ;; 563: (SHA) Added +tour to continuation concepts for give-information and request-information. ;; 564: (MED) Added +health-status, +medical-procedure, +give-medical-procedure, and +receive-medical-procedure to continuation concepts for +effect. ;; 565: (SHA) Added +numeral to continuation concepts for +display. ;; 566: (MED) Added +body-object to continuation concepts for +evidentiality. ;; 567: (SHA) Removed +information-object from *special-focus-concepts*. ;; 568: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments of +personal-data. ;; ;; DA 05-06-04 569: (SHA) Added to licensed arguments of +confirmation. ;; ;; ;;=============================================================================== ;; ;; NOTES ;; ;;=============================================================================== ;; ;; Ordering of concepts in a DA: general guidelines ;; ------------------------------------------------ ;; DA = speech act + (attitudes) + (main-predication) + (pred-participants) ;; ;; >>>speech act = { give-information request-information offer ... } required ;; ;; >>>attitudes = { +disposition +obligation +feasibility ... } one or more, optional ;; note: when more than one attitude concept appears (one is embedded), place ;; the embedder to the left, e.g. "I've been told I must leave before ten" ;; => give-information+evidentiality+obligation+departure ;; ;; >>>main-predication (one of the following -- may be required, see note below): ;; relations = { +contain +feature +inclusion +exclusion +inclusion-in +exclusion-from} ;; actions = { +rent +proceed +reservation ... } ;; or +concept, special concept used for fragments ;; note: main-predication is required unless following a "self-contained" speech act ;; like greeting, introduce-self, thank, apologize, etc. ;; ;; >>>pred-participants (one or more of the following, optional): ;; objects = { +accommodation +transportation +activity ... } ;; ;; sequences of concepts are ordered from general => specific ;; so that the concepts on the right specify the concepts to the left ;; ;; ;; rhetorical relations vs. rhetorical= ;; ------------------------------------ ;; The values of rhetorical= { cause related-to conditional ... } ;; are also argument names: cause= related-to= conditional= ... ;; ;; Their use differs as follows: ;; 1) use rhetorical=xxx when satellite has predicate-argument structure ;; Ex: "Because the weather is bad, I am late." ;; split into 2 SDUs and make 2 IFs, with "cause" as a value ;; give-information+weather (rhetorical=cause, ...) ;; give-information+arrival (...) ;; 2) use cause=yyy when satellite has no predicate-argument structure ;; Ex: "I'm late because of the bad weather." ;; 1 SDU makes 1 IF, with "cause=" as an argument ;; give-information+arrival (cause=bad_weather, ...) ;; 3) use cause=discourse when rhetorical element is in the nucleus ;; Ex: "Therefore I am late." ;; give-information+arrival (cause=discourse, ...) ;; ;; See IF spec for arguments for more information on rhetorical relations. ;; ;; ;; Affirmative expressions are broken down into two types: ;; ------------------------------------------------------- ;; 1) "Yes." "Yes, that is true." = affirm ;; 2) "Yes, I will." "Yes, I am doing that." = affirm+action (+action is now a concept) ;; ;; This is an important distinction for Asian languages. ;; In English and other European languages, "yes" can map onto either of ;; the two DAs so this may be a problem during translation. ;; ;; Note also that "Yes, I do." and "Yes, I am." may or may not refer to an action. ;; Therefore these may be tagged either affirm or affirm+action, according to context. ;; ;; Tightened up specification of concept ordering: ;; ----------------------------------------------- ;; Example ;; (+foo (VOID +xxx (+yyy -) (+zzz +)) ()) ;; ;; In this example we see that "+foo" can appear with: ;; ...+foo (can appear by itself) ;; or +foo+xxx(+) (add whatever can follow +xxx) ;; or +foo+yyy ("-" indicates that nothing else can be added after this use of +yyy) ;; or +foo+zzz+... (+zzz must have something after it when it appears in this context) ;; ;; You also can specify that continuation concepts must be followed by certain ;; concepts, using parentheses around the required sequence within the ;; continuation list. ;; ;; Example ;; (+foo (VOID (+xxx +yyy) (+xxx +zzz)) ()) ;; ;; In this example we see that when we have +foo+xxx that the continuations for ;; +xxx are locally restricted to +yyy or +zzz. ;; ;; the $BOTTOM$ continuation ;; ------------------------- ;; When a speech act or concept may appear without any continuation, ;; the definition will include the dummy continuation $BOTTOM$. Conversely, ;; when a speech act or concept must appear with a continuation, $BOTTOM$ ;; will NOT be included in the definition. ;; ;; This use of $BOTTOM$ does not replace the use of parentheses and +/- signs ;; as shown above, which are needed to specify certain sequences of concepts ;; in a given context. ;; ;; WARNING: $BOTTOM$ is inherited by many speech acts and concepts via ;; their class definitions. ;; ;; Example ;; (+foo (+xxx +yyy +zzz) ()) ;; ;; In this example we see that +foo must be followed by one of the ;; continuation concepts +xxx, +yyy, or +zzz, because $BOTTOM$ is not specified ;; in the continuation list. ;; ;; the concept: "+negation" ;; ------------------------- ;; Add +negation to the DA immediately following the speech act, in order to indicate the presence of negation in any of the continuation concepts, except for concepts in the object (pred-participant) slot. When negation involves only an object (pred-participant), then use polarity= under the corresponding argument. ;; ;; In order to restrict the appearance of +negation to the slot immediately following the speech act, the parenthetical notation is used for each continuation concept of any speech act. This notation also allows the continuations to be specified by the speech act and not by multiple definitions of +negation. ;; ;; For example: ;; ;; DEF: request-action ;; continuations: ($BOTTOM$ (+negation +action) ... ) ;; ;;============================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------- DEF: $top$ continuations: (accept acknowledge affirm apologize apology-response contradict defer descriptive dialog-hear dialog-indicate-understand dialog-instruct-no dialog-instruct-yes dialog-present dialog-problem dialog-proceed dialog-ready dialog-request-hear dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no dialog-request-present dialog-request-problem dialog-request-proceed dialog-request-ready dialog-request-scenario dialog-request-see dialog-request-start dialog-request-stop dialog-request-testing-ok dialog-request-understand dialog-scenario dialog-see dialog-set-audio-level dialog-start dialog-stop dialog-testing dialog-testing-ok dialog-understand dialog-use-mt dialog-wait ditto do-not-worry empty end-discussion end-topic end-wait exclamation give-feedback give-information greeting greeting-request greeting-response introduce-self introduce-topic negate negate- no-tag not-understandable offer pay-attention please-wait promise reject request-accept request-acknowledge request-action request-end-discussion request-information request-introduce-self request-negate request-reject request-state request-suggestion request-verification request-verification- resume-topic spoken-pause suggest suggest-action thank thank-response verify verify-) arguments: none comment: comment source -- $top$ comment: Start here when creating a legal DA for an IF representation DEF: accept continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +concept) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +facility) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +concept +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- accept comment: Distinct from affirm: accept follows offers. comment: Ex: "Do you want that room?" "That's fine." = accept comment: Compare to: "Does it have a double bed?" "Yes." = affirm DEF: acknowledge continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +object) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +service) +action +information-object +object +proceed +service) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- acknowledge comment: Ex: "Here this is it." "Here it is." "Here you go." = acknowledge+object comment: Ex: "Okay, Mr. Phillips." "All right, Miss Suzuki." = acknowledge (listener=(person-title=miss, family-name=name-suzuki)) comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: affirm continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +availability) (+negation +existence) (+negation +feasibility) (+negation +feature) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +knowledge) +action +availability +existence +feasibility +feature +general-action +knowledge) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- affirm comment: Ex: "Is the restaurant open?" "Yes." = affirm comment: Note that Asian languages need a single DA for: comment: Ex: "Yes, I will." "Yes, I am doing that." = affirm+action comment: Note that "Yes, I do." and "Yes, I am." may or may not refer to an action. comment: Tag as either affirm or affirm+action, according to context. comment: The speech act affirm is distinct from accept: accept follows offers. comment: Compare to: "Do you want that room?" "That's fine." = accept comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: apologize continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +object) +action +information-object +object) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- apologize comment: Ex: "Sorry." = apologize comment: Ex: "I'm sorry." apologize (apology=(who=i)) comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: apology-response continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- apology-response comment: Ex: "Sorry." "That's okay." = apology-response comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: contradict continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- contradict comment: Used for negative response to a request-verification DA, or for initiating a contradiction. comment: German actually uses a special word in this situation, so the speech act negate is not sufficient. comment: German Ex: "Doch." = contradict comment: English Ex: "That's not right." = contradict comment: Compare to: "That's right." = verify comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: defer continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- defer comment: Ex: "It is up to you." (to-whom=you) comment: Ex: "I defer to his judgment." (who=i, to-whom=he) comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: descriptive continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: none comment: comment source -- descriptive comment: Special DA name for in domain SDUs that are too descriptive for the task-based IF DEF: dialog-hear continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-hear comment: Ex: "I can hear you." comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-indicate-understand continuations: ($bottom$ +action +general-action) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-indicate-understand comment: Ex: "Raise your hand if you understand." = dialog-indicate-understand+action comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-instruct-no continuations: ($bottom$ +action +general-action) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-instruct-no comment: Ex: "Do xxx to indicate no." = dialog-instruct-no+action comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-instruct-yes continuations: ($bottom$ +action +general-action) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-instruct-yes comment: Ex: "Do xxx to indicate yes." = dialog-instruct-yes+action comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-present continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-present comment: Ex: "We are here." comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-problem continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-problem comment: Ex: "There is a problem (at CMU)." comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-proceed continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-proceed comment: Ex: "You go ahead." comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-ready continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-ready comment: Ex: "I am ready, CMU is ready..." comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-hear continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-hear comment: Ex: "Can you hear me?" = dialog-request-hear (who=you) comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no comment: Ex: "Please say yes or no." = dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-present continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-present comment: Ex: "Are you there?" "Is CMU on line?" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-problem continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-problem comment: Ex: "Is there a problem?" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-proceed continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-proceed comment: Ex: "Are you going?" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-ready continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-ready comment: Ex: "Are you ready?" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-scenario continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-scenario comment: Ex: "Which scenario is this?" comment: comment source -- *demo-sa* comment: Used for demonstrations/tests of system. DEF: dialog-request-see continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-see comment: Ex: "Can you see me?" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-start continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-start comment: Ex: "Can we start?" "Is it okay to start?" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-stop continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-stop comment: Ex: "Can we stop?" "Is it okay to stop?" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-testing-ok continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-testing-ok comment: Ex: "Is this working?" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-request-understand continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-request-understand comment: Formerly speech act request-understand. comment: Ex: "Do you understand?" = dialog-request-understand (who=you) comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-scenario continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-scenario comment: Ex: "We are doing scenario 1." comment: comment source -- *demo-sa* comment: Used for demonstrations/tests of system. DEF: dialog-see continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-see comment: Ex: "I can see you." comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-set-audio-level continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-set-audio-level comment: Ex: "I will turn the volume up." comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-start continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-start comment: Ex: "Let's start!" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-stop continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-stop comment: Ex: "Let's stop!" comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-testing continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-testing comment: Ex: "Testing testing 1 2 3." "CMU testing." comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-testing-ok continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-testing-ok comment: Ex: "Everything seems ok." comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-understand continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-understand comment: Formerly speech act understand. comment: Ex: "I understand." = dialog-understand (who=i) comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-use-mt continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-use-mt comment: Ex: "I will use this computer to talk to you." = dialog-use-mt (who=i) comment: Ex: "Let us use this computer to talk together." = dialog-use-mt (who=us) comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: dialog-wait continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- dialog-wait comment: Ex: "I am waiting." = dialog-wait (who=i) comment: comment source -- *dialog-sa* comment: Used for task of communicating via MT -- not part of travel planning task. comment: Note: and arguments are used for subject and object, respectively. comment: Ex: "I can hear you." = dialog-hear (who=i, to-whom=you) DEF: ditto continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- ditto comment: Examples: "Same to you" (to-whom=you) comment: "You too" (who=you) comment: "me too" (who=i) comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: do-not-worry continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- do-not-worry comment: don't worry comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: empty continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: none comment: comment source -- empty comment: Special DA name for empty input SDUs DEF: end-discussion continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- end-discussion comment: Formerly called: end-action. comment: Ex: "That's all." comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: end-topic continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +address) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +budget) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +click) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exit) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +facility) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +goto) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +reception) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +write) +accommodation +activity +address +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +availability +balance +budget +cancellation +checkin +checkout +click +confirmation +connection +currency +current-time +departure +deposit +directions +display +drop-off +equipment +event +eventuality +exchange +exchange-rate +exit +expiration-date +facility +fax-number +goto +indicate +inform +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +occurrence +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +pick-up +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +purchase +read +reception +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +weather +write) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- end-topic comment: Use end-topic for sentences that bring a topic to a close, without ending the conversation. comment: Ex: "That takes care of my accommodations." end-topic+accommodation DEF: end-wait continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- end-wait comment: Used for ending temporary breaks in the dialog. comment: Ex: "I'm back." "Thanks for waiting." = end-wait comment: Formerly called: return-from-delay. comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: exclamation continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- exclamation comment: Covers both good and bad exclamations. comment: Ex: "Wow!" "That is GREAT!!!!" "Nespole!" comment: Ex: "Darn!" "That's too bad." comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: give-feedback continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- give-feedback comment: Ex: "Very good, Marco." comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: give-information continuations: ((+negation +action) (+negation +address) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +begin-operation) (+negation +behavior) (+negation +body-stat) (+negation +budget) (+negation +calculate) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +concept) (+negation +confession) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +contain) (+negation +contained-in) (+negation +correlation) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +decrease) (+negation +delay) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +describe) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +disposition) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +effect) (+negation +end-operation) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +evidentiality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exclusion) (+negation +exclusion-from) (+negation +existence) (+negation +exit) (+negation +experience) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +explain) (+negation +exposure) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +feasibility) (+negation +feature) (+negation +fluctuation) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +give-medical-procedure) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +improve) (+negation +in-operation) (+negation +inclusion) (+negation +inclusion-in) (+negation +increase) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +knowledge) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +make-image) (+negation +measure) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +obligation) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +out-of-operation) (+negation +party) (+negation +payment) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +providing) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +receive-medical-procedure) (+negation +reception) (+negation +recommendation) (+negation +rent) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +send) (+negation +skill) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +status) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +understand) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +worsen) (+negation +write) +action +address +arrival +availability +balance +begin-operation +behavior +body-stat +budget +calculate +cancellation +change +checkin +checkout +clarify +click +completion +concept +confession +confirmation +connection +contain +contained-in +correlation +currency +current-time +decrease +delay +departure +deposit +describe +directions +display +disposition +drop-off +effect +end-operation +eventuality +evidentiality +exchange +exchange-rate +exclusion +exclusion-from +existence +exit +experience +expiration-date +explain +exposure +fax-number +feasibility +feature +fluctuation +general-action +give-medical-procedure +goto +hear +help +improve +in-operation +inclusion +inclusion-in +increase +indicate +inform +knowledge +learn +learn-about +make-image +measure +meeting +numeral +obligation +obtain +occurrence +order +out-of-operation +party +payment +personal-data +pick-up +plan +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +proceed +providing +purchase +read +receive-medical-procedure +reception +recommendation +rent +repeat +reservation +route +search +send +skill +spelling +status +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +understand +view +weather +worsen +write) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- give-information comment: Any statement. comment: Ex: "I am doing that." = give-information+action comment: Compare to: "I will do that." = promise+action comment: comment source -- *basic-info-sa* comment: give-information and request-information cannot appear without a continuation concept. DEF: greeting continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- greeting comment: Both hello and goodbye are now covered by greeting, with mandatory argument to specify which one. comment: Ex: "Good morning." = greeting (greeting=good_morning) comment: Ex: "Goodbye." = greeting (greeting=informal_goodbye) comment: Ex: "Welcome to Pittsburgh." = greeting (greeting=welcome, location=pittsburgh) comment: Ex: "Hello from Pittsburgh." = greeting (greeting=informal_hello, origin=pittsburgh) comment: Ex: "Nice to meet you." = greeting (greeting=first_meeting, to-whom=you) comment: Ex: "Happy New Year!" = greeting (wish=happy_new_year) comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: greeting-request continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- greeting-request comment: Ex: "How are you?" "How is your family?" = greeting-request comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: greeting-response continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- greeting-response comment: Ex: "I'm fine." "Not so good." = greeting-response comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: introduce-self continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- introduce-self comment: Ex: "This is Bob." = introduce-self (who=(given-name=bob)) comment: Ex: "This is Boyeon from Korea (origin)." comment: Ex: "This is Boyeon in Korea (location)." comment: Ex: "This is Boyeon from Korea (origin) in Italy (location)." comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: introduce-topic continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +address) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +budget) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +click) (+negation +concept) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exit) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +facility) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +goto) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +reception) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +write) +accommodation +activity +address +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +availability +balance +budget +cancellation +checkin +checkout +click +concept +confirmation +connection +currency +current-time +departure +deposit +directions +display +drop-off +equipment +event +eventuality +exchange +exchange-rate +exit +expiration-date +facility +fax-number +goto +indicate +inform +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +occurrence +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +pick-up +plan +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +purchase +read +reception +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +weather +write) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- introduce-topic comment: Use introduce-topic for sentences that correspond precisely to this speech act. comment: Ex: "Let us speak about rooms." = introduce-topic+room comment: Do NOT use introduce-topic for sentences that contain a more specific speech act. comment: Ex: "Concerning rooms, how much does it cost?" = request-information+price comment: Do NOT use introduce-topic for fragments. comment: Ex: "Concerning rooms..." = give-information+concept (rhetorical=(related-to=room)) DEF: negate continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +existence) (+negation +feasibility) (+negation +knowledge) +action +existence +feasibility +knowledge) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- negate comment: Ex: "Is that hotel expensive?" "No." = negate comment: Ex: "The room costs fifty dollars." "That's not right." = negate comment: Ex: "Will you travel by car?" "No, I won't." = negate+action comment: Distinct from reject: reject follows offers. comment: Compare to: "Do you want that?" "I don't want that." = reject comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: negate- continuations: (apologize apology-response defer dialog-hear dialog-indicate-understand dialog-instruct-no dialog-instruct-yes dialog-present dialog-problem dialog-proceed dialog-ready dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no dialog-scenario dialog-see dialog-set-audio-level dialog-start dialog-stop dialog-testing dialog-testing-ok dialog-understand dialog-use-mt dialog-wait ditto end-topic introduce-topic offer pay-attention promise reject request-accept resume-topic suggest suggest-action thank thank-response verify) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- negate- comment: Must precede another speech act, except req-verification and verify. comment: Special speech act for negating an entire DA. comment: Ex: "They don't have valet parking." = give-information+negation+existence+service DEF: no-tag continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: none comment: comment source -- no-tag comment: Special DA name for untaggable SDUs that should be covered but require additions to the IF specification DEF: not-understandable continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: none comment: comment source -- not-understandable comment: Special DA name for SDUs that we cannot understand enough to tag DEF: offer continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +click) (+negation +concept) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exit) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +explain) (+negation +facility) (+negation +goto) (+negation +help) (+negation +help-again) (+negation +help-later) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +recommendation) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +write) +accommodation +action +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +cancellation +checkin +checkout +click +concept +confirmation +connection +currency +departure +deposit +directions +display +equipment +event +exchange +exit +expiration-date +explain +facility +goto +help +help-again +help-later +indicate +inform +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +purchase +read +recommendation +repeat +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +write) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- offer comment: Used when the speaker is proposing to do something herself, comment: sometimes in the specific sense of offering to give something to the listener. comment: Compare to speech act suggest or suggest-action, used by the speaker to recommend what the listener should do, sometimes in the specific sense of getting something. DEF: pay-attention continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- pay-attention comment: Ex: "listen" comment: Ex: "pay attention (to me)" comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: please-wait continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- please-wait comment: Use please-wait for temporary breaks in the dialog. comment: Ex: "Just a moment." "Hold on a second." = please-wait comment: Compare to request-action+delay: please-wait is used for shorter delays. comment: Use request-action+delay to request ending the current dialog, resuming it another time. comment: Ex: "Please call back in two days." "Can I get back to you later?" = request-action+delay comment: Note: +delay is the task-based version. A more literal version uses +action. comment: Ex: "Please call back tomorrow." = request-action+action (action=e-call_back-0, time=(relative-time=tomorrow)) comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: promise continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +contain) (+negation +contained-in) (+negation +exclusion) (+negation +exclusion-from) (+negation +feature) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +inclusion) (+negation +inclusion-in) (+negation +repeat) +action +contain +contained-in +exclusion +exclusion-from +feature +general-action +inclusion +inclusion-in +repeat) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- promise comment: Ex: "I will." = promise comment: Ex: "I will do that." = promise+action comment: Compare to: "I am doing that." = give-information+action comment: Compare to: "Yes, I will." = affirm+action comment: Note that "Yes, I will." can also be broken into two IFs: affirm "Yes," and promise "I will." comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: reject continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +concept) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +facility) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +concept +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- reject comment: Distinct from negate: reject follows offers. comment: Ex: "Do you want that?" "I don't want that." = reject comment: Compare to: "Is that hotel expensive?" "No." = negate DEF: request-accept continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +facility) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +action +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +general-action +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-accept comment: Ex: "Will this do?" "Is that ok?" = request-accept DEF: request-acknowledge continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-acknowledge comment: Ex: German "Ne?" or English "Okay?" = request-acknowledge comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: request-action continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +confession) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +delay) (+negation +describe) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +effect) (+negation +exit) (+negation +explain) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +give-medical-procedure) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +order) (+negation +payment) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +receive-medical-procedure) (+negation +rent) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +search) (+negation +send) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +status) (+negation +trip) (+negation +view) (+negation +write) (+negation+behavior) +action +activity +behavior +cancellation +change +clarify +click +completion +confession +confirmation +connection +delay +describe +display +drop-off +effect +exit +explain +general-action +give-medical-procedure +goto +hear +help +indicate +inform +learn +learn-about +obtain +order +payment +pick-up +plan +proceed +purchase +read +receive-medical-procedure +rent +repeat +reservation +search +send +spelling +status +trip +view +write) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-action comment: Ex: "Please do that." "Would you do that?" = request-action (request-strength=request) comment: Ex: "Do that now." = request-action (request-strength=order) comment: Ex: "First do xxx, then do yyy..." = request-action (request-strength=instruction) comment: comment source -- *action-sa* comment: Speech acts that precede actions only. DEF: request-end-discussion continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-end-discussion comment: Ex: "Is that everything?" = request-end-discussion comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: request-information continuations: ((+negation +action) (+negation +address) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +begin-operation) (+negation +behavior) (+negation +budget) (+negation +calculate) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +concept) (+negation +confession) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +contain) (+negation +contained-in) (+negation +correlation) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +decrease) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +disposition) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +effect) (+negation +end-operation) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +evidentiality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exclusion) (+negation +exclusion-from) (+negation +existence) (+negation +exit) (+negation +experience) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +explain) (+negation +exposure) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +feasibility) (+negation +feature) (+negation +fluctuation) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +improve) (+negation +in-operation) (+negation +inclusion) (+negation +inclusion-in) (+negation +increase) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +knowledge) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +make-image) (+negation +measure) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +obligation) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +out-of-operation) (+negation +party) (+negation +payment) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +providing) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +reception) (+negation +recommendation) (+negation +rent) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +send) (+negation +skill) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +status) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +understand) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +worsen) (+negation +write) +action +address +arrival +availability +balance +begin-operation +behavior +budget +calculate +cancellation +change +checkin +checkout +clarify +click +completion +concept +confession +confirmation +contain +contained-in +correlation +currency +current-time +decrease +departure +deposit +directions +display +disposition +drop-off +effect +end-operation +eventuality +evidentiality +exchange +exchange-rate +exclusion +exclusion-from +existence +exit +experience +expiration-date +explain +exposure +fax-number +feasibility +feature +fluctuation +general-action +goto +hear +help +improve +in-operation +inclusion +inclusion-in +increase +indicate +inform +knowledge +learn +learn-about +make-image +measure +meeting +numeral +obligation +obtain +occurrence +order +out-of-operation +party +payment +personal-data +pick-up +plan +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +proceed +providing +purchase +read +reception +recommendation +rent +repeat +reservation +route +search +send +skill +spelling +status +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +understand +view +weather +worsen +write) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-information comment: Deals with a wh-question, or yes/no questions about actions. comment: Ex: "Where is the hotel?" = request-information+accommodation (location=question) comment: Ex: "Are you going to do that?" = request-information+action (e-time=following) comment: Ex: "Did you receive it?" = request-information+reception+object (e-time=previous) comment: Compare to: "Is that right?" = request-verification comment: Compare to: "Is the hotel cheap?" = request-information+feature+accommodation comment: comment source -- *basic-info-sa* comment: give-information and request-information cannot appear without a continuation concept. DEF: request-introduce-self continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-introduce-self comment: Distinct from request-information+personal-data: depends on phase of dialog. comment: Use request-introduce-self in the opening phase of a dialog. comment: Ex: "With whom am I speaking?" "Is this Donna?" = request-introduce-self comment: Ex: "Hello, Donna?" = 2 IFs: comment: greeting (greeting=informal_hello) comment: request-introduce-self (who=(given-name=donna)) comment: Compare to similar requests in payment phase of dialog, in which case: comment: (requesting payment information) "With whom am I speaking?" = request-information+personal-data comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: request-negate continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-negate comment: Ex: "Or not?" = request-negate comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: request-reject continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +facility) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +facility +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-reject comment: Ex. "Is that bad for you?" comment: Formerly called: request-neg-affirmation. DEF: request-state continuations: ((+negation +feature) (+negation +status) +feature +status) arguments: none comment: comment source -- request-state comment: Ex: "Be at the station at noon." = request-state+feature comment: Ex: "Don't be late." = request-state+negation+status comment: Ex: "Stay calm." = request-state+status DEF: request-suggestion continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +concept) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +delay) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +exit) (+negation +explain) (+negation +facility) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +object) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +rent) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +write) +accommodation +action +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +cancellation +change +checkin +checkout +clarify +click +completion +concept +connection +currency +delay +departure +deposit +directions +display +drop-off +equipment +event +exit +explain +facility +general-action +goto +hear +help +indicate +inform +information-object +learn +learn-about +meal +meeting +object +obtain +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +pick-up +plan +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +proceed +purchase +read +rent +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +write) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-suggestion comment: Ex: "Can you recommend xxx?" comment: Ex: "What do you think I should do about xxx?" comment: Where xxx is an object or a course of action. DEF: request-verification continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-verification comment: Ex: "Is that right?" comment: Compare to: "Are you going to do that?" = request-information+action (e-time=following) comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: request-verification- continuations: (accept acknowledge affirm apologize apology-response contradict defer dialog-hear dialog-indicate-understand dialog-instruct-no dialog-instruct-yes dialog-present dialog-problem dialog-proceed dialog-ready dialog-request-hear dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no dialog-request-present dialog-request-problem dialog-request-proceed dialog-request-ready dialog-request-scenario dialog-request-see dialog-request-start dialog-request-stop dialog-request-testing-ok dialog-request-understand dialog-scenario dialog-see dialog-set-audio-level dialog-start dialog-stop dialog-testing dialog-testing-ok dialog-understand dialog-use-mt dialog-wait ditto do-not-worry end-discussion end-topic end-wait exclamation give-feedback give-information greeting greeting-request greeting-response introduce-self introduce-topic negate negate- offer pay-attention please-wait promise reject request-accept request-acknowledge request-action request-end-discussion request-information request-introduce-self request-negate request-reject request-state request-suggestion request-verification resume-topic spoken-pause suggest suggest-action thank thank-response verify) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- request-verification- comment: Must precede another speech act. comment: Special speech act used for requesting a verification of a DA. comment: Ex: "The weather is sunny, right?" = request-verification-give-information+weather (weather=sunny) DEF: resume-topic continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +address) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +availability) (+negation +balance) (+negation +budget) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +click) (+negation +confirmation) (+negation +connection) (+negation +currency) (+negation +current-time) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +eventuality) (+negation +exchange) (+negation +exchange-rate) (+negation +exit) (+negation +expiration-date) (+negation +facility) (+negation +fax-number) (+negation +goto) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +numeral) (+negation +object) (+negation +occurrence) (+negation +order) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +reception) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +search) (+negation +seat) (+negation +send) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +telephone-number) (+negation +time-difference) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) (+negation +view) (+negation +weather) (+negation +write) +accommodation +activity +address +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +availability +balance +budget +cancellation +checkin +checkout +click +confirmation +connection +currency +current-time +departure +deposit +directions +display +drop-off +equipment +event +eventuality +exchange +exchange-rate +exit +expiration-date +facility +fax-number +goto +indicate +inform +information-object +meal +meeting +numeral +object +occurrence +order +package +payment +person +personal-data +pick-up +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +purchase +read +reception +reservation +restaurant +room +route +search +seat +send +service +spelling +stay +telephone-number +time-difference +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle +view +weather +write) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- resume-topic comment: Use resume-topic for sentences that refer to a previously-discussed topic. comment: Ex: "Let us go back to the accommodation issue." resume-topic+accommodation DEF: spoken-pause continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- spoken-pause comment: Ex: "Let's see." comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: suggest continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +accommodation) (+negation +activity) (+negation +admission) (+negation +airport) (+negation +arrival) (+negation +attraction) (+negation +balance) (+negation +checkin) (+negation +checkout) (+negation +concept) (+negation +currency) (+negation +departure) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +directions) (+negation +equipment) (+negation +event) (+negation +exclusion) (+negation +exclusion-from) (+negation +facility) (+negation +feature) (+negation +help) (+negation +inclusion) (+negation +inclusion-in) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +meal) (+negation +meeting) (+negation +object) (+negation +package) (+negation +payment) (+negation +person) (+negation +personal-data) (+negation +price) (+negation +price-difference) (+negation +price-fluctuation) (+negation +restaurant) (+negation +room) (+negation +route) (+negation +seat) (+negation +service) (+negation +spelling) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +transportation) (+negation +trip) (+negation +vehicle) +accommodation +activity +admission +airport +arrival +attraction +balance +checkin +checkout +concept +currency +departure +deposit +directions +equipment +event +exclusion +exclusion-from +facility +feature +help +inclusion +inclusion-in +indicate +information-object +meal +meeting +object +package +payment +person +personal-data +price +price-difference +price-fluctuation +restaurant +room +route +seat +service +spelling +stay +tour +transportation +trip +vehicle) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- suggest comment: Used by speaker to recommend something to the listener. comment: Ex: tell you what" = c:suggest comment: Ex: "I would recommend that hotel." = suggest+accommodation comment: Also used to propose something for consideration. comment: Ex: "There should be a sauna included, for example." = suggest+inclusion comment: Compare to speech act offer, used when the speaker is offering something. comment: Ex: "I have some brochures about that." = offer+information-object DEF: suggest-action continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +activity) (+negation +cancellation) (+negation +change) (+negation +clarify) (+negation +click) (+negation +completion) (+negation +concept) (+negation +connection) (+negation +delay) (+negation +deposit) (+negation +describe) (+negation +display) (+negation +drop-off) (+negation +effect) (+negation +exit) (+negation +explain) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +give-medical-procedure) (+negation +goto) (+negation +hear) (+negation +help) (+negation +indicate) (+negation +inform) (+negation +learn) (+negation +learn-about) (+negation +obtain) (+negation +order) (+negation +payment) (+negation +pick-up) (+negation +plan) (+negation +proceed) (+negation +purchase) (+negation +read) (+negation +receive-medical-procedure) (+negation +rent) (+negation +repeat) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +search) (+negation +send) (+negation +status) (+negation +stay) (+negation +tour) (+negation +trip) (+negation +view) (+negation +write) (+negation+behavior) +action +activity +behavior +cancellation +change +clarify +click +completion +concept +connection +delay +deposit +describe +display +drop-off +effect +exit +explain +general-action +give-medical-procedure +goto +hear +help +indicate +inform +learn +learn-about +obtain +order +payment +pick-up +plan +proceed +purchase +read +receive-medical-procedure +rent +repeat +reservation +search +send +status +stay +tour +trip +view +write) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- suggest-action comment: Used by speaker to give advice about what the listener should do. comment: Ex: "You might want to make a reservation." = suggest-action+reservation comment: Compare to speech act offer, used when the speaker is offering to do something. comment: Ex: "I can do that for you." = offer+action comment: comment source -- *action-sa* comment: Speech acts that precede actions only. DEF: thank continuations: ($bottom$ (+negation +action) (+negation +general-action) (+negation +help) (+negation +information-object) (+negation +object) (+negation +reservation) (+negation +send) +action +general-action +help +information-object +object +reservation +send) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- thank comment: Ex: "Thank you." = thank comment: Ex: "Thank you." may also be specified as: thank (thank=(to-whom=you)) comment: Ex: "Thank you for helping me." = thank+help (thank=(to-whom=you), help=(to-whom=i)) comment: Ex: "Thanks for the brochure." = thank+information-object (info-object=(brochure, identifiability=yes)) comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: thank-response continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- thank-response comment: Ex: "You're welcome." comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: verify continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- verify comment: Used for declaring the verifiability of a DA. comment: Typically follows a request-verification DA. comment: Ex: "Your name is Jones, right?" "That's right." = verify comment: Note: negative responses: "No." "That's not right." = negate comment: comment source -- *cross-sa* comment: Cross-domain speech act. DEF: verify- continuations: (accept acknowledge affirm apologize apology-response contradict defer dialog-hear dialog-indicate-understand dialog-instruct-no dialog-instruct-yes dialog-present dialog-problem dialog-proceed dialog-ready dialog-request-hear dialog-request-indicate-yes-or-no dialog-request-present dialog-request-problem dialog-request-proceed dialog-request-ready dialog-request-scenario dialog-request-see dialog-request-start dialog-request-stop dialog-request-testing-ok dialog-request-understand dialog-scenario dialog-see dialog-set-audio-level dialog-start dialog-stop dialog-testing dialog-testing-ok dialog-understand dialog-use-mt dialog-wait ditto do-not-worry end-discussion end-topic end-wait exclamation give-feedback give-information greeting greeting-request greeting-response introduce-self introduce-topic negate negate- offer pay-attention please-wait promise reject request-accept request-acknowledge request-action request-end-discussion request-information request-introduce-self request-negate request-reject request-state request-suggestion request-verification resume-topic spoken-pause suggest suggest-action thank thank-response verify) arguments: ( ) comment: comment source -- verify- comment: Must precede another speech act. comment: Special speech act used for verifying previously stated information. comment: Typically follows a request-verification DA. comment: Ex: "Your name is Jones, right?" "Right, my name is Jones." = verify-give-information+personal-data DEF: +accommodation continuations: ($bottom$) arguments: (